Straw is considered as a resource that can be used as an input material for many industries such as mushroom farming, animal feed, paper making, energy, organic fertilizer production ... In our country, these by-products have not been used thoroughly, causing waste of resources and environmental pollution. According to the General Statistics Office, the country's rice production in 2017 reached 42.7 million tons. Such rice output produced a huge amount of rice straw, equivalent to about 42.7 million tons of rice straw, if there is no effective treatment measures, it will pollute the environment, especially in localities having strengths in rice production. Also according to the General Statistics Office, Vietnam's corn production in 2017 reached 5.132 million tons, down 15,000 tons compared to 2015 due to decrease in cultivated area. If calculating the corn cob coefficient, which accounts for 25%, in 2017 alone, the amount of corn cob discharged into the environment was about 1.28 million tons. According to

Abstract This review provides an overview of the availability, nutritive value and possible strategies to improve the utilisation of rice straw as a ruminant feed. Although, rice straw is the most abundant agricultural by-product and can consider as a sustainable source for ruminant feed in Vietnam, only a small proportion of rice straw is fed to ruminants. Rice straw is rich in polysaccharides and has the high levels of lignin and silica, limiting voluntary intake and reducing degradability by ruminal microorganisms. Some physical treatments are not practical because they require machinery application or are not economically feasible for the farmers. Chemical treatments, such as urea, ammonia or lime, currently seem to be more practical for on-farm use. The application of chemical agents can be hard to handle, harmful to the habitat. The use of white-rot fungi, exogenous enzymes and lactic acid bacteria to enhance the nutritive value and digestibility of rice straw are expected to be a practical and

The Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project (LCASP) was signed in 2013 between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Project impact of is expected to increase the uptake of climate smart agriculture waste management practices (CSAWMP) as indicated by the increased use of clean biogas energy and organic bio-slurry fertilizers. The project also strenghtens the capacity of various stakeholders by disseminating skills and knowledge of goof practices to beneficiaries. The objectives of Project is to (i) Improve management of livestock waste, slurry of biogas; reducing environmental pollution; creating clean energy, bio-organic fertilizer generating incomes from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), (ii) Increasing the application of CSAWMP that are effectively certified; greater use of renewable energy and bio-fertilizers from agricultural waste; replicating pilots application of CSAWMP in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improve livelihoods and life qua